Project paper on Addison Disease Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project on Addison Disease - Research Paper Example so leads to the secretion of androgens which are important for the normal sexual development in a person along with the proper hair distribution (GANONG, 2005). In Addison’s Disease the hormone that is initially and mainly affected is aldosterone. It is then that cortisol and the androgens follow. The laboratory findings indicate the ionic imbalance led to by aldosterone deficiency. The decreased levels of sodium arise because the ions cannot be reabsorbed due to the absence of aldosterone and hence they are lost in urine which results in low levels of the sodium ions in the blood. At the same time potassium ions which are exchanged for sodium in the kidney tubules with the assistance of this hormone do not get excreted and this results in high levels of potassium in the blood and hence the condition hyperkalemia. The retention of hydrogen ions also occurs because aldosterone plays a role in the excretion of hydrogen ions. Thus this results in increased levels of hydrogen ions and resultant acidosis. Retention of chloride cannot occur due to decreased aldosterone as well which results in low levels of chloride ions in the blood. Anot her reason for low chloride level is that there is an exchange of chloride with the bicarbonate in the cells. This is because bicarbonate is required for the compensation of the acidosis which has resulted and hence the chloride ions enter the cell and the bicarbonate ions are ejected in the extracellular compartment. The loss of chloride ions can also be associated with the vomiting episodes that the patient had. This is because the gastric juices contain a high content of chloride and prolonged vomiting can lead to a reduction in the level of the chloride ions. The low level of carbon dioxide is also because of the compensatory hyperventilation which results to overcome the metabolic acidosis. This occurs in the form of deep breaths and is referred to as Kussmaul breathing. This results in loss of carbon dioxide and hence the

Mini case chapter10 ( solve question E to f and g) Study

Mini chapter10 ( solve question E to f and g) - Case Study Example As compared to franchise L this will lose its taste among the customers in a few years time S would also be rejected if r were above 23.6%, this is because it will have a negative factor. To get an understanding the preference of conflict between NPV over IRR, it is prudent to by and large to recognize that NPV recognizes the â€Å"correct† rate. This is the cost of capital, to be discounted to the cash flows, as compared to the â€Å"arbitrary† rate. In the arbitrary approach where the IRR, makes assumes NPV to be 0. Supremacy of the Net Present Value rules that the reduction cost on capital procedure inborn in both the Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value systems absolutely assumes that the reinvestment of the cash flows at any given discount rate is used, either Internal Rate of Return or the cost of capital. In the event that the internal rate of return is very big as compared to the cost of capital it becomes impractical to presume in undergoing for reinvestment with such high rate of risk. The gradient of the Net Present Value is dependent to the project’s timing pattern of the cash flows; long-term projects have high gradients as compared to short-term projects. The Net Present Value technique assumes that the entire cash flows of the project period be reinvested back to the project at the firm’s preferred rate of return, on the other hand the Internal Rate of Return technique assumes that these cash flows are possible to reinvested at the Internal Rate of Return. More often, the NPV is assumed to be a better as compared to IRR. The reason being that the project’s cash inflows are generally used as substitutes of outsourcing capital, This means that the, projects cash flows replace outside capital and, hence, save the firm the cost of outside capital. The Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) is imitative of IRR that keeps away from the latter’s